一汽丰田举办2018春季新品发布会
百度 党内法规既是管党治党的重要依据，也是建设社会主义法治国家的有力保障，实质为规范各级党委和全体党员权力行为的外在约束；政治规矩是全体党员干部维护中央权威、巩固党的团结、遵循组织原则、端正行为作风的必然要求，实质为践行共产党员理想信念和良好作风的自我约束；工作制度是党在领导国家经济社会发展中工作方法与机制的经验总结，实质为规制党的工作方略、方式与方法的程序约束。
The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is a joint project of several national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC).[1]
History
[change | change source]In 1998, the project was started by the German National Library and the U.S. Library of Congress.[2]
In 2003, VIAF was established.[2]
The file numbers are being added to some Wikipedia articles about people.[3]
Participating libraries
[change | change source]| English-language name | Native-language name (if non-English) | Location | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Institute for the Union Catalogue of Italian Libraries and Bibliographic Information | Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico | Rome | Italy |
| German National Library | Deutsche Nationalbibliothek | Frankfurt | Germany |
| Getty Research Institute | – | Los Angeles, California | United States |
| Library and Archives Canada | Bibliothèque et Archives Canada | Ottawa, Ontario | Canada |
| Library of Alexandria | Bibliotheca Alexandrina | Alexandria | Egypt |
| Library of Congress (NACO consortium) | – | Washington, D.C. | United States |
| National Library of Australia | – | Canberra | Australia |
| National Library of France | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris | France |
| National Library of Israel | ??????? ??????? | Jerusalem | Israel |
| National Library of Portugal | Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal | Lisbon | Portugal |
| National Library of Spain | Biblioteca Nacional de Espa?a | Madrid | Spain |
| National Library of Sweden | Kungliga Biblioteket | Stockholm | Sweden |
| National Library of the Czech Republic | Národní knihovna ?eské republiky | Prague | Czech Republic |
| National Széchényi Library | Országos Széchényi K?nyvtár | Budapest | Hungary |
| RERO: Library Network of Western Switzerland | Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale or Westschweizer Bibliothekverbund | Switzerland | |
| French university library consortium | Système universitaire de documentation | France | |
| Swiss National Library | Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek, Bibliothèque nationale suisse, Biblioteca nazionale svizzera, Rete delle bibliotheche della Svizzera occidentale | Berne | Switzerland |
| NUKAT: Union Catalogue of Polish Research Libraries | NUKAT: katalog zbiorów polskich bibliotek naukowych | Poland | |
| Vatican Library | Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana | – | Vatican City |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)"; retrieved 2013-3-15.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 OCLC, "VIAF, A brief history"; retrieved 2013-3-15.
- ↑ Coalition for Networked Information (CNI), "Wikipedia to add VIAF identifiers", citing Wikipedia:Authority control integration proposal/RFC; retrieved 2025-08-06.
Other websites
[change | change source]- VIAF website Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine